Stoneware and earthenware are two common types of clay. Both suit a wide range of ceramic work, but they differ in firing temperature, strength and porosity.
This guide explains how each clay behaves and where you might use it.
What is stoneware clay?
Stoneware is a strong, versatile clay used for functional pottery and decorative work. Typical uses include dinnerware, cookware, tiles and sculpture.
Composition and firing temperature
Stoneware bodies use a blend of fireclays, ball clays and china clay. They contain minerals such as silica and alumina, along with fluxes that help the body mature during firing.
The typical firing range is 1150°C to 1260°C. Always check the recommended range for your chosen clay body.
Strength and porosity
During firing, stoneware undergoes vitrification. This means the clay particles fuse to form a dense body with low porosity.
When properly fired, stoneware is strong and resists water absorption. This makes it useful for functional ware. For food-contact pieces, assess the finished clay and glaze combination rather than relying on the clay type alone.
Forming and surface finishes
Stoneware works well for wheel throwing and hand-building. You can use it for coiling, pinching and slab construction.
It also offers scope for carving, sculpting and glazing. The texture of the chosen body will affect the detail and finish you can achieve.
Browse our stoneware clay range
What is earthenware clay?
Earthenware fires at a lower temperature than stoneware. It remains porous after firing and is used for decorative pottery, tiles and sculpture.
Composition and firing temperature
Earthenware contains finely ground minerals such as quartz, iron oxide and feldspar. Bodies may also include fluxes such as limestone and dolomite.
The typical firing range is 1000°C to 1150°C. As with stoneware, check the recommended range for the specific body.
Porosity and glazing
Fired earthenware remains porous, so the body can absorb water. Pieces intended to hold liquids need suitable glazing.
The lower firing range can suit studios working at earthenware temperatures. It also offers different surface and colour options from high-fired stoneware.
Colour and surface finishes
Earthenware accepts a wide range of surface treatments, including coloured underglazes. It can also be used in atmospheric firings.
Lower firing temperatures can help produce bright glaze colours. Some of these colours become more muted at higher temperatures.
Browse our earthenware clay range
Should you choose stoneware or earthenware?
Choose stoneware when you need a strong, dense fired body for functional ware or sculpture. Choose earthenware when a lower firing range and bright surface colours suit your work.
For either type, match the clay body to your forming method, glaze and firing schedule. Check the body's specifications before deciding.
Explore the Valentine Clays ranges to find a body for your studio or production needs:
